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ST段抬高型心肌梗死合并伴多支病变的血运重建策略

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2015年3月the CvLPRIT trial(Complete versus Lesion-only Primary PCI trial)比较了完全血运重建(Complete Revascularization,CR)和单纯靶血管血运重建组(Infarct-Related Artery, IRA)两种策略的疗效。该研究设计采用口头知情同意(verbal assent)及交互式语音应答程序(interactive voice-response program)辅助随机分组。主要终点事件为全因死亡、MI、HF和12个月内缺血驱动靶血管血运重建(ischemia-driven revascularization)。接受PPCI治疗的多支病变患者中,CR组12个月主要终点事件的发生率显著低于IRA组(10.0% vs 21.2%, hazard ratio: 0.45; 95% confidence interval: 0.24 to 0.84; p = 0.009)。尽管该研究得出了阳性结论,但仍需大样本设计以回答生存率是否因此而改善的假设。


2015年5月DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI研究试验结果公布了STEMI伴多支病变患者经FFR指导完全血运重建后,尽管全因死亡率和非致死性再梗死与多次血运重建无差异,但因避免了重复血运重建,患者可以在住院期间平稳地度过病变危险期。


2016年3月ACC/AHA/SCAI 发布的相关主题指南更新"Focused 2015 ACC/AHA/SCAI Focused Update on Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction"。



2017年3月RCT研究“Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Multivessel Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction”指出STEMI伴多支病变患者接受PPCI处理急性期罪犯血管+经FFR指导对非心梗相关罪犯血管的完全血运重建后的复合心血管事件发生风险低于单纯罪犯血管重建策略,主要驱动因素为完全血运重建策略降低了后续血运重建次数。



病情轻重程度对STEMI伴多支病变患者接受FFR指导CR的预后影响尚不明确。2017年4月一项DANAMI 3-PRIMULTI亚组分析“Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Complete Revascularization Improves the Prognosis in Patients With ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Severe Nonculprit Disease: A DANAMI 3-PRIMULTI Substudy (Primary PCI in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Multivessel Disease: Treatment of Culprit Lesion Only or Complete Revascularization)”通过评估病变血管的数量、病变部位和非梗死相关狭窄的严重程度对FFR指导CR的预后影响,指出受益于FFR指导CR的多支病变STEMI患者的手术指征为三支或非梗死狭窄直径≥90%的病变,且同时具有两种以上指征的患者介入最大。


2017年7-8月“Managing Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Comprehensive Review”全面地总结了STEMI患者多支病变管理策略。

同一时期,“Revascularization Strategies in STEMI with Multivessel Disease: Deciding on Culprit Versus Complete-Ad Hoc or Staged”对STEMI患者中约有50%的多支病变患者的介入策略与时机加以总结,并呼吁关注策略制定时对合并症的综合评估。


2018年2月“Prognostic Implication of Functional Incomplete Revascularization and Residual Functional SYNTAX Score in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease”在 CAD伴多支病变患者中验证了功能性IR组2年后MACE发生率显著高于功能性CR组。


2018年2月 “Multivessel Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Cardiogenic Shock”汇报了合并心源性休克的STEMI患者伴多支病变CR是改善预后的合理策略。2018年3月“Culprit versus multivessel coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized trials”的荟萃结果也显示,虽然CR策略不能改善该人群的全因死亡及非致死心肌梗死的预后困境,但CR不失为STEMI伴多支病变患者得到合理干预的安全策略。



2018年5月“Complete Revascularization During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Reduces Death and Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Multivessel Disease-Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of Randomized Trials”对此前集中在STEMI伴多支病变患者是否接受完全血运重建还是分次血运重建相关研究进行荟萃分析,从分次血运重建无法改善死亡及后续心梗的角度对完全血运重建策略给予了肯定。


2018年8月ESC发布最新相关指南“2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization - The Task Force on myocardial revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Association for Cardio- Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)”。


2018年9月“Prognostic Value of the Residual SYNTAX Score After Functionally Complete Revascularization in ACS”否定了剩余SYNTAX评分(residual SYNTAX score , rSS)在功能性完全血运重建的预后中的预测价值,同时通过对比预后,认为FFR指导ACS患者完全血运重建策略可行。SYNTAX评分常用于评价CAD的严重、复杂程度,可细分为基线SYNTAX评分(baseline SYNTAX score, bSS)和rSS。rSS通常用来评价直接PCI后未经介入的CAD复杂程度或评价造影指导下血运重建的完成度。



2019年1月DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI研究组公布的亚组分析“Characterization of lesions undergoing ischemia-driven revascularization after complete revascularization versus culprit lesion only in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease - A DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI substudy”介绍了FFR-CRV与缺血驱动血运重建显著降低间的相关性,与单纯心梗罪犯动脉血运重建策略相比,FFR-CRV相对单纯靶病变血运重建的预后优势可通过对非罪犯血管和未处理病变的组间差异解释,差异性不表现在对前期干预的病变的再次血运重建。


2019年4月另一项DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI亚组分析“Complete Revascularization Versus Culprit Lesion Only in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Multivessel Disease: A DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Substudy”通过心脏核磁共振的结果呈现STEMI并发多支病变患者接受FFR指导CR后的心梗面积、左心室功能或血管重构与单纯罪犯血管血运重建后影像学结果没有差异。


专题评论文章“Treating Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Why, How, and When?”会提出哪些新观点呢?


ESC 2019大会期间,COMPLETE研究Complete revascularization with Multivessel PCI for MI)对比了STEMI患者中仅对罪犯血管血运重建和分期完全血运重建的优劣这项研究旨在通过在该领域最大样本量(N=4000)明确分期血运重建对非合并心源性休克的患者是否可行,具体研究结果详见图一。 现有欧洲的指南已经更新,认为完全血运重建优于对罪犯血管病变进行血运重建,但并未指出对非罪犯血管病变的合适的治疗时间。在接受一次PCI治疗的STEMI合并多支血管疾病患者中,完全血运重建优于单纯的罪犯血运重建。完全血运重建与心血管疾病死亡或心肌梗死的减少有关。前期试验已经证明了完全血运重建的获益,但其获益归根于血运重建次数的降低。COMPLETE研究则显示完全血管重建与主要研究终点心血管死亡或心肌梗死的等硬终点的减少相关。总之,完全血管重建于STEMI患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI) 是有益的。