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Original ResearchVolume 114, August 2021, Pages 11-24

JOURNAL:Trends Food Sci Technol. Article Link

Potential protective mechanisms of green tea polyphenol EGCG against COVID-19

Y Zhang, B Wernly, ZCh Zhou et al. Keywords: COVID-19; prevention; green tea; EGCG

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND - The world is in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the potential protective effects of ()-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major constituent of green tea, against COVID-19.


SCOPE AND APPROACH - Information from literature of clinical symptoms and molecular pathology of COVID-19 as well as relevant publications in which EGCG shows potential protective activities against COVID-19 is integrated and evaluated.


KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS - EGCG, via activating Nrf2, can suppress ACE2 (a cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2) and TMPRSS2, which mediate cell entry of the virus. Through inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease, EGCG may inhibit viral reproduction. EGCG via its broad antioxidant activity may protect against SARS-CoV-2 evoked mitochondrial ROS (which promote SARS-CoV-2 replication) and against ROS burst inflicted by neutrophil extracellular traps. By suppressing ER-resident GRP78 activity and expression, EGCG can potentially inhibit SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. EGCG also shows protective effects against 1) cytokine storm-associated acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, 2) thrombosis via suppressing tissue factors and activating platelets, 3) sepsis by inactivating redox-sensitive HMGB1, and 4) lung fibrosis through augmenting Nrf2 and suppressing NF-κB. These activities remain to be further substantiated in animals and humans. The possible concerted actions of EGCG suggest the importance of further studies on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in humans. These results also call for epidemiological studies on potential preventive effects of green tea drinking on COVID-19.