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Association and Affiliations
Organized by
Nanjing Heart Center
Asian Bifurcation Club (ABC)
Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University
Co-organized by
Chinese Society of Cardiology (CSC)
Capacity Building and Continuing Education Center,National Health and Family Planning Commission (CBCEC)
American Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI)
Asian Heart Society (AHS)
Contact Us
Registration Administration of Domestic Representatives
Hongjuan Peng :
+86-13913895477
Haimei Xu +86-13914736846
cbsnj@cbsmd.cn
Registration Administration of Overseas Representatives
Ling Lin : +86 (25) 52271398
+86-13951884596
cbs@cbsmd.cn
Management of Challenging Cases
Yingying Zhao :+86-13815408517
sub@cbsmd.cn
Address
CBS2019 Congress Secretariat, Nanjing First Hospital, Building No.9 68# Changle Road, Nanjing, China
210006
FACULTY
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Congress Chairman
Education Center
Education Center
• Online Education (For more customized user interface with self-defined collection of research papers and education resources.)
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SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY
SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY
Research Paper
> Acute Coronary Syndrom
> ASCVD Prevention
> Bifurcation Stenting
> Cardio-Oncology
> Congestive Heart Failure
> DAPT Duration
> Drug Coated Balloon
> Fractional Flow Reserve
> IVUS Guidance
> Optical Coherence Tomography
> Pulmonary Hypertension
> Rotational Atherectomy
> Shear Stress
> Stenting Left Main
> Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
> Percutaneous LAA Occlusion
> Mitral/Tricuspid Valvular Disease
> Other Relevant Articles
Recommended Paper
Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction During the COVID-19 Pandemic
COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-up
CSC Expert Consensus on Principles of Clinical Management of Patients with Severe Emergent Cardiovascular Diseases during the COVID-19 Epidemic
ACC Clinical Bulletin Focuses on Cardiac Implications of Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Congestive Heart Failure
Review ArticleVolume 73, Issue 17, May 2019
JOURNAL：J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link
M.G.D Buono, R Arena, BA Borlaug et al. Keywords: cardiorespiratory fitness; HFrEF; HFpEF; exercise capacity; comorbidities
Exercise intolerance is the cardinal symptom of heart failure (HF) and is of crucial relevance, because it is associated with a poor quality of life and increased mortality. While impaired cardiac reserve is considered to be central in HF, reduced exercise and functional capacity are the result of key patient characteristics and multisystem dysfunction, including aging, impaired pulmonary reserve, as well as peripheral and respiratory skeletal muscle dysfunction. We herein review the different modalities to quantify exercise intolerance, the pathophysiology of HF, and comorbid conditions as they lead to reductions in exercise and functional capacity, highlighting the fact that distinct causes may coexist and variably contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with HF.
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