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DAPT Duration

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6-Month Versus 12-Month Dual-Antiplatelet Therapy Following Long Everolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation: The IVUS-XPL Randomized Clinical Trial 'Ticagrelor alone vs. dual antiplatelet therapy from 1 month after drug-eluting coronary stenting among patients with STEMI': a post hoc analysis of the randomized GLOBAL LEADERS trial Dual-antiplatelet treatment beyond 1 year after drug-eluting stent implantation (ARCTIC-Interruption): a randomised trial Long-term dual antiplatelet-induced intestinal injury resulting in translocation of intestinal bacteria into blood circulation increased the incidence of adverse events after PCI in patients with coronary artery disease Patient-tailored antithrombotic therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention Cost-Effectiveness of Different Durations of Dual-Antiplatelet Use After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Individualized antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent deployment: Implication of clinical trials of different durations of dual antiplatelet therapy Management of Antithrombotic Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Undergoing PCI: JACC State-of-the-Art Review Dual Antiplatelet Therapy after PCI in Patients at High Bleeding Risk Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes

Review Article 2009 Jan;2(1):65-72.

JOURNAL:JACC Cardiovasc Interv. Article Link

Attenuated plaque detected by intravascular ultrasound: clinical, angiographic, and morphologic features and post-percutaneous coronary intervention complications in patients with acute coronary syndromes

Lee SY, Mintz GS, Kim SY et al. Keywords: attenuated plaque; IVUS; ACS

ABSTRACT


OBJECTIVES - We evaluated the clinical significance of attenuated plaque (hypoechoic plaque with deep ultrasound attenuation).


BACKGROUND - Attenuated plaques are unusual intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) findings in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

METHODS - We reviewed clinical presentations and angiographic and pre-intervention IVUS findings in 293 ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) without a distal protection device: 187 with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and 106 with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

RESULTS - Attenuated plaque was observed in 75 patients (25.6%): 39.6% of STEMI versus 17.6% of NSTEMI (p < 0.001). (We also reviewed 100 randomly selected patients with stable angina and pre-intervention IVUS; none had attenuated plaque.) Overall, in ACS patients with attenuated plaques: 1) the level of C-reactive protein was higher; 2) angiographic thrombus and initial coronary flow Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow grade <2 were more common; and 3) IVUS lesion site plaque burden and remodeling index were significantly greater, lesion site luminal dimensions significantly smaller, and thrombus, positive remodeling, and plaque rupture were more common. No-reflow (26.7% vs. 4.6%, p < 0.001) and deteriorated post-PCI coronary blood flow (8.0% vs. 2.8%, p = 0.001) were higher. In ACS patients with normal coronary blood flow at baseline, deterioration in the coronary blood flow post-PCI was more common in lesions with attenuated plaque.

CONCLUSIONS - Attenuated plaque was more common in ACS patients with STEMI than NSTEMI. Attenuated plaque in ACS patients was associated with a higher C-reactive protein level, more severe and complex lesion morphology, reduced coronary blood flow before PCI, and especially no-reflow after PCI.