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Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Using Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials New-onset atrial fibrillation after PCI and CABG for left main disease: insights from the EXCEL trial and additional studies Surgical ineligibility and mortality among patients with unprotected left main or multivessel coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention Impact of coronary anatomy and stenting technique on long-term outcome after drug-eluting stent implantation for unprotected left main coronary artery disease Contemporary Use and Trends in Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the United States: An Analysis of the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Research to Practice Initiative Differences between the left main and other bifurcations EXCELling in Left Main Intervention Clinical and angiographic outcomes of patients treated with everolimus-eluting stents or first-generation Paclitaxel-eluting stents for unprotected left main disease Comparative effectiveness analysis of percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with chronic kidney disease and unprotected left main coronary artery disease Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Left Main Disease: Pre- and Post-EXCEL (Evaluation of XIENCE Everolimus Eluting Stent Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Effectiveness of Left Main Revascularization) and NOBLE (Nordic-Baltic-British Left Main Revascularization Study) Era

Original Research2011 Jul;7(3):347-52.

JOURNAL:EuroIntervention. Article Link

Tissue characterisation of atherosclerotic plaque in the left main: an in vivo intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis

Mercado N, Moe TG, Pieper M et al. Keywords: IVUS; virtual histology; plaque rupture

ABSTRACT


AIMS - To characterise plaque phenotypes in the left main stem (LMS) and the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery using virtual histology assisted intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS).


METHODS AND RESULTS - Patients with IVUS pullbacks including no less than the proximal 30 mm of the LAD and through the ostium of the left main were identified from a global IVUS registry. Plaque composition and phenotype frequency in the LMS and five consecutive non-overlapping 6 mm segments in the LAD were studied, resulting in six analysed segments per patient. There were 74 patients (72% male, mean age 65 years). The median LMS length was 5.4 mm (IQR 2.8-8.7 mm). The percent of fibrofatty plaque was greater in the LMS compared to the proximal LAD segments (27.9% [20.0-39.2] vs. 17.3% [12.2-23.1], p<0.001). Dense calcium and necrotic core content was less prevalent in the LMS compared to the LAD segments (2.5% [0.9-4.7] vs. 7.9% [4.1-12.3], p<0.001; and 8.0% [3.7-11.8] vs. 14% [9.2-17.9], p<0.001). The frequency of thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) was higher in the LAD compared with LMS (0% vs. 16.9% [4.9-34.5], p<0.001). Within the LAD, TCFA was most frequently observed in the second 6 mm segment, 12 mm from the ostium.

CONCLUSIONS - TCFA was present more frequently in the proximal LAD than LMS, supporting the notion that plaque rupture occurs in non-uniform locations throughout the coronary tree and preferentially spares the LMS.