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Congestive Heart Failure

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The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program Nationwide Perspectives and Recommendations: A JACC: Heart Failure Position Paper Effects of Liraglutide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes With or Without Heart Failure Reduced Apolipoprotein M and Adverse Outcomes Across the Spectrum of Human Heart Failure 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure Proteomics to Improve Phenotyping in Obese Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Effect of SGLT2-Inhibitors on Epicardial Adipose Tissue: A Meta-Analysis 21st Century CE: The New Iron Age? Improving the Use of Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators Therapy With Validated Patient-Centric Risk Estimates Clinical applications of machine learning in the diagnosis, classification, and prediction of heart failure Noninvasive Imaging for the Evaluation of Diastolic Function: Promises Fulfilled

Review Article2018 Jul 10;138(2):198-205.

JOURNAL:Circulation. Article Link

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology: Why Women Are Overrepresented in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Beale AL, Meyer P, Kaye DM et al. Keywords: heart failure; myocardium; sex factors; vascular stiffness; women

ABSTRACT


Consistent epidemiological data demonstrate that patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are more likely to be women than men. Exploring mechanisms behind this sex difference in heart failure epidemiology may enrich the understanding of underlying HFpEF pathophysiology and phenotypes, with the ultimate goal of identifying therapeutic approaches for the broader HFpEF population. In this review we evaluate the influence of sex on the key domains of cardiac structure and function, the systemic and pulmonary circulation, as well as extracardiac factors and comorbidities that may explain the predisposition of women to HFpEF. We highlight the potential role of factors exclusive to or more prevalent in women such as pregnancy, preeclampsia, and iron deficiency. Finally, we discuss existing controversies and gaps in knowledge, as well as the clinical importance of known sex differences in the context of the potential need for sex-specific diagnostic criteria, improved risk stratification models, and targeted therapies.

© 2018 American Heart Association, Inc.