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Stenting Left Main

Abstract

Recommended Article

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with three-vessel disease and left main coronary disease: 5-year follow-up of the randomised, clinical SYNTAX trial Intravascular ultrasound in the evaluation and treatment of left main coronary artery disease: a consensus statement from the European Bifurcation Club Percutaneous coronary intervention for the left main stem and other bifurcation lesions: 12th consensus document from the European Bifurcation Club Bypass Surgery or Stenting for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Diabetes Differences between the left main and other bifurcations Left Main Revascularization in 2017 Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention? Percutaneous coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass grafting in treatment of unprotected left main stenosis (NOBLE): a prospective, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial Percutaneous coronary intervention in left main coronary artery disease: the 13th consensus document from the European Bifurcation Club

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EXCEL Trail - 左主干血运重建的最新证据

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首次在TCT 2016上发布研究结果的EXCEL研究是在1905名、SYNTAX评分 < 32的左主干病患中,随机比较接受CABG和PCI两种干预疗法在3年随访期内由死亡、心梗或卒中组成的复合终点事件的发生率。其研究结果已被ESC等指南性推荐采纳,进一步作为左主干冠状动脉病变的介入依据。以下推荐研究结论均基于EXCEL研究纳入和排除标准。


2018年底,围绕EXCEL研究相关的进一步数据分析结果陆续发表,从患者基线、病史、药史、介入路径、病变部位、术式、及术后新发临床症状等角度剖析左主干冠状动脉病变需要深究的各个方面,探索介于外科搭桥与心内介入之间的左主干冠状动脉治疗预后的细节性差异。


  • 双支架治疗 vs 单支架治疗:Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Distal Left Main Percutaneous Coronary Intervention”;

  • 性别不是无保护左主干病变预后的独立预测因子,但接受PCI治疗的女性的预后差于男性,主要与围手术期并发症相关:“Outcomes After Coronary Stenting or Bypass Surgery for Men and Women With Unprotected Left Main Disease: The EXCEL Trial


  • 脑血管病史的左主干冠脉病人血运重建预后差,术后卒中需要引起重视:“Left Main Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients With Prior Cerebrovascular Disease: Results From the EXCEL Trial”


  • 慢性肾病史的左主干冠脉病人血运重建后更易发生急性肾衰,PCI策略较CABTG安全:“Left Main Revascularization With PCI or CABG in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: EXCEL Trial”


  • 慢阻肺史可独立预测左主干冠脉血运重建预后 : Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention and bypass surgery for left main coronary artery disease: an analysis from the EXCEL trial


  • 糖尿病患者接受左主干CABG与PCI的30天及三年预后数据:“Bypass Surgery or Stenting for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Diabetes”

  • 未观察到CABG与PCI两种左主干冠脉血运重建策略对治疗前已接受降脂治疗患者的3年主要不良事件发生率有显著差异,然而纳入PCI治疗组的治疗前已接受降脂治疗患者随访期内的血运重建率更高“Outcomes of patients with and without baseline lipid-lowering therapy undergoing revascularization for left main coronary artery disease: analysis from the EXCEL trial


  • 左主干冠脉血运重建策略无论是经桡动脉入路还是经股动脉入路的早起及晚期临床预后相当:“Radial versus femoral artery access in patients undergoing PCI for left main coronary artery disease: analysis from the EXCEL trial


  • 左主干冠脉血运重建3年整体预后不受病变部位影响。 较CABG,左主干远端分叉病变患者接受PCI后更频发缺血驱动血运重建,然而此种差异未见于单独的左主干开口病变或体部(Left main shaft lesion)病变:“Outcomes After Left Main Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting According to Lesion Site: Results From the EXCEL Trial


  • 左主干冠脉血运重建后新发房颤与继发卒中和死亡率强相关,不容小觑:“New-onset atrial fibrillation after PCI and CABG for left main disease: insights from the EXCEL trial and additional studies


  • 左主干冠脉血运重建策略PCI干预人群围手术期心梗显著低于CABG人群:“Impact of large periprocedural myocardial infarction on mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting for left main disease: an analysis from the EXCEL trial”

  • 1858名左主干病变患者参与了CABG或PCI的随机分组,亚组按3年死亡事件按是否发生围手术期心梗(periprocedural myocardial infarction, PMI)分组后观察到:

    1. CABG组PMI发生率6.1% (n=923)显著高于PCI组PMI发生率3.6%(n=935), p=.02

    2. PMI与术后3年死亡率息息相关[adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.63, 95% CI 1.19-5.81; P = 0.02 and adjusted HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.22-4.29; P = 0.01]

    3. PMI的发生与SYNTAX评分、COPD既往史、手术时长、未采用顺行性心肌冷灌保护及主动脉交叉钳夹时长相关

    4. CK-MB ≥10× URL可作为有效预测因子



TCT 2019大会上,EXCEL研究5年结果发布,以全因死亡、中风或心肌梗死的发生事件为复合终点的研究结果如下:

主要终点事件发生率在PCI治疗组和CABG治疗组分别为22%和19.2%,两组率差2.8%;95% CI,-0.2-6.1;P=0.13

- 全因死亡在PCI组的发生率较高(PCI组13% ,CABG组 9.9%,两组率差3.1%, 95% CI,-0.9-6.5,P=0.13)

- PCI组明确的心源性死亡率高于CABG组PCI组5.0%CABG组4.5%,两组率差0.5%;95% CI,-1.4-2.5)

- PCI组心肌梗死率高于CABG组PCI组10.6%,CABG组9.1%, 两组率差1.5%;95% CI,-1.3-4.2), 组间无显著差异

- PCI组脑血管事件发生率低于CABG组(PCI组3.3%,CABG组5.2%,两组率差-1.9%;95% CI,-3.8-0)

- PCI组缺血驱动血运重建率高于CABG组(PCI组16.9%,CABG组10.0%(两组率差6.9%;95% CI,3.7-10)



尽管EXCEL研究5年观察的两种血运重建策略的主要复合终点事件(死亡、卒中或心梗)组间不存在统计学差异,然而各项数据的趋势显示,5年后PCI对比CABG在左主干冠脉血运重建的优势出现反转,EXCEL5年随访并未回答PCI和CABG在治疗左主干病变疗效方面孰优孰劣的问题,而是进一步对PCI相对CABG短期优势在长期出现反转现象背后的原因提出了新的疑问,究竟是哪些潜在的因素影响了此类患者群的长期预后?PCI前的患者评估及筛选、PCI后的药物治疗还是血运重建的过程本身?