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Position paper of the EACVI and EANM on artificial intelligence applications in multimodality cardiovascular imaging using SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and cardiac CT Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Heart Failure With Preserved, Borderline, and Reduced Ejection Fraction: 5-Year Outcomes Thin Composite-Wire-Strut Zotarolimus-Eluting Stents Versus Ultrathin-Strut Sirolimus-Eluting Stents in BIONYX at 2 Years Transcatheter Mitral-Valve Repair in Patients with Heart Failure Atrial Fibrillation Burden: Moving Beyond Atrial Fibrillation as a Binary Entity: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) The spectrum of chronic coronary syndromes: genetics, imaging, and management after PCI and CABG Older Adults in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: Factoring Geriatric Syndromes in the Management, Prognosis, and Process of Care: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Randomized Comparison of Ridaforolimus-Eluting and Zotarolimus-Eluting Coronary Stents 2-Year Clinical Outcomes: From the BIONICS and NIREUS Trials

Review ArticleVolume 70, Issue 17, October 2017, Pages 2171-2185

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

How Low to Go With Glucose, Cholesterol, and Blood Pressure in Primary Prevention of CVD

Hong KN, Fuster V, Bhatt DL et al. Keywords: cardiovascular disease; diabetes; hyperlipidemia; hypertension; primary prevention

ABSTRACT

Diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are modifiable risk factors that predict cardiovascular disease events. The effect of these risk factors on incident cardiovascular disease increases with progressively higher levels of glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure. The thresholds for initiating treatment of these modifiable risk factors and the optimal goals of risk factor modification are a focus of primary prevention research. Although an aggressive approach is appealing, adverse events may occur, and potential physiological barriers may exist. This paper discusses primary prevention of coronary heart disease that may be achieved through modification of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension by summarizing current guidelines and pertinent clinical trial data from intervention trials that included a primary prevention cohort.