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Influence of LDL-Cholesterol Lowering on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Coronary Revascularization Comparison of Heart Team vs Interventional Cardiologist Recommendations for the Treatment of Patients With Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease Timing and Causes of Unplanned Readmissions After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From the Nationwide Readmission Database Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Mortality in Healthy Men and Women Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease Screening for Atrial Fibrillation With Electrocardiography US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement 2020 AHA/ACC Key Data Elements and Definitions for Coronary Revascularization A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Writing Committee to Develop Clinical Data Standards for Coronary Revascularization) Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Scientific Statement From the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, the American Heart Association, and the American College of Cardiology Coronary Artery Calcium Is Associated with Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Independent of Myocardial Ischemia Mortality Differences Associated With Treatment Responses in CANTOS and FOURIER: Insights and Implications

Review ArticleVolume 72, Issue 25, December 2018

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

Clinician’s Guide to Reducing Inflammation to Reduce Atherothrombotic Risk

PM Ridker Keywords: atherosclerosis; canakinumab; CANTOS; inflammation; interleukin-1

ABSTRACT


Life-threatening cardiovascular events occur despite control of conventional risk factors. Inflammation, as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration, is associated with future vascular events in both primary and secondary prevention, independent of usual risk markers. Statins are powerful lipid-lowering agents with clinically relevant anti-inflammatory effects. Recent data support targeting the interleukin (IL)-1-to-IL-6-to-CRP signaling pathway as an adjunctive method for atheroprotection. The CANTOS (Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study) trial showed that reducing inflammation through IL-1β inhibition significantly reduced vascular risk, beyond that achievable with lipid lowering. CANTOS further demonstrated a 31% reduction in cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality among patients treated with canakinumab who achieved the largest reductions in hsCRP, as well as efficacy in high-risk patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes. This review outlines the clinical implications of CANTOS for patients with “residual inflammatory risk,” the potential benefits and risks associated with anti-inflammatory therapy, and the importance of CANTOS for future drug development.