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Basic Biology of Oxidative Stress and the Cardiovascular System: Part 1 of a 3-Part Series Heart Failure With Preserved, Borderline, and Reduced Ejection Fraction: 5-Year Outcomes Association of Coronary Anatomical Complexity With Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous or Surgical Revascularization in the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment Reporting and Tracking Program Drug-coated balloons for small coronary artery disease (BASKET-SMALL 2): an open-label randomised non-inferiority trial Relationship of C-reactive protein reduction to cardiovascular event reduction following treatment with canakinumab: a secondary analysis from the CANTOS randomised controlled trial Association Between Living in Food Deserts and Cardiovascular Risk 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure European Bifurcation Club White Paper on Stenting Techniques for Patients With Bifurcated Coronary Artery Lesions 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients with Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Discharge Against Medical Advice After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the United States

Review Article2017 Jul 11;70(2):196-211.

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

Basic Biology of Oxidative Stress and the Cardiovascular System: Part 1 of a 3-Part Series

Sack MN, Fyhrquist FY, Kovacic JC et al. Keywords: apoptosis; mitochondria; necrosis; reactive oxygen species; senescence; sirtuin; telomere

ABSTRACT


The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a fundamental aspect of normal human biology. However, when ROS generation exceeds endogenous antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress arises. If unchecked, ROS production and oxidative stress mediate tissue and cell damage that can spiral in a cycle of inflammation and more oxidative stress. This article is part 1 of a 3-part series covering the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. The broad theme of this first paper is the mechanisms and biology of oxidative stress. Specifically, the authors review the basic biology of oxidative stress, relevant aspects of mitochondrial function, and stress-related cell death pathways (apoptosis and necrosis) as they relate to the heart and cardiovascular system. They then explore telomere biology and cell senescence. As important regulators and sensors of oxidative stress, telomeres are segments of repetitive nucleotide sequence at each end of a chromosome that protect the chromosome ends from deterioration.