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Trends and Impact of Door-to-Balloon Time on Clinical Outcomes in Patients Aged <75, 75 to 84, and ≥85 Years With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Remote ischaemic conditioning and healthcare system delay in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction Late Survival Benefit of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Compared With Medical Therapy in Patients With Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study A systematic review of factors predicting door to balloon time in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous intervention Clarification of Myocardial Infarction Types Chronic total occlusion intervention of the non-infarct-related artery in acute myocardial infarction patients: the Korean multicenter chronic total occlusion registry Door-to-balloon time and mortality among patients undergoing primary PCI Location of the culprit coronary lesion and its association with delay in door-to-balloon time (from a multicenter registry of primary percutaneous coronary intervention) Aggressive Measures to Decrease "Door to Balloon" Time and Incidence of Unnecessary Cardiac Catheterization: Potential Risks and Role of Quality Improvement Early invasive versus non-invasive treatment in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (FRISC-II): 15 year follow-up of a prospective, randomised, multicentre study

Review ArticleVolume 13, Issue 1, January 2020

JOURNAL:JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions Article Link

Refractory Angina: From Pathophysiology to New Therapeutic Nonpharmacological Technologies

G Gallone, L Baldetti, G Tzanis et al. Keywords: cell therapy; coronary sinus reduce; renhanced external counterpulsation; extracorporeal shockwave myocardial revascularization; neuromodulation; refractory angina

ABSTRACT


Despite optimal combination of guideline-directed anti-ischemic therapies and myocardial revascularization, a substantial proportion of patients with stable coronary artery disease continues to experience disabling symptoms and is often referred as “no-option.” The appraisal of the pathways linking ischemia to symptom perception indicates a complex model of heart-brain interactions in the generation of the subjective anginal experience and inspired novel approaches that may be clinically effective in alleviating the angina burden of this population. Conversely, the prevailing ischemia-centered view of angina, with the focus on traditional myocardial revascularization as the sole option to address ischemia on top of medical therapy, hinders the experimental characterization and broad-scale clinical implementation of strongly needed therapeutic options. The interventionist, often the first physician to establish the diagnosis of refractory angina pectoris (RAP) following coronary angiography, should be aware of the numerous emerging technologies with the potential to improve quality of life in the growing population of RAP patients. This review describes the current landscape and the future perspectives on nonpharmacological treatment technologies for patients with RAP, with a view on the underlying physiopathological rationale and current clinical evidence.