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Impact of door-to-balloon time on long-term mortality in high- and low-risk patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction Coronary Angiography in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Without ST-Segment Elevation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in predominantly rural central China: A retrospective observational study SCAI Clinical Expert Consensus Statement on Cardiogenic Shock Comparison of Outcomes of Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated by Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Analyzed by Age Groups (<75, 75 to 85, and >85 Years); (Results from the Bremen STEMI Registry) Relation between door-to-balloon times and mortality after primary percutaneous coronary intervention over time: a retrospective study Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Acute Coronary Syndrome Comparison of Inhospital Mortality and Frequency of Coronary Angiography on Weekend Versus Weekday Admissions in Patients With Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction Association of Thrombus Aspiration With Time and Mortality Among Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Randomized TOTAL Trial Causes of delay and associated mortality in patients transferred with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction
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Review ArticleVolume 13, Issue 1, January 2020

JOURNAL：JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions Article Link

Refractory Angina: From Pathophysiology to New Therapeutic Nonpharmacological Technologies

G Gallone, L Baldetti, G Tzanis et al. Keywords: cell therapy; coronary sinus reduce; renhanced external counterpulsation; extracorporeal shockwave myocardial revascularization; neuromodulation; refractory angina

ABSTRACT

Despite optimal combination of guideline-directed anti-ischemic therapies and myocardial revascularization, a substantial proportion of patients with stable coronary artery disease continues to experience disabling symptoms and is often referred as “no-option.” The appraisal of the pathways linking ischemia to symptom perception indicates a complex model of heart-brain interactions in the generation of the subjective anginal experience and inspired novel approaches that may be clinically effective in alleviating the angina burden of this population. Conversely, the prevailing ischemia-centered view of angina, with the focus on traditional myocardial revascularization as the sole option to address ischemia on top of medical therapy, hinders the experimental characterization and broad-scale clinical implementation of strongly needed therapeutic options. The interventionist, often the first physician to establish the diagnosis of refractory angina pectoris (RAP) following coronary angiography, should be aware of the numerous emerging technologies with the potential to improve quality of life in the growing population of RAP patients. This review describes the current landscape and the future perspectives on nonpharmacological treatment technologies for patients with RAP, with a view on the underlying physiopathological rationale and current clinical evidence.

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