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Nonculprit Lesion Myocardial Infarction Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Percutaneous Intervention for Concurrent Chronic Total Occlusions in Patients With STEMI: The EXPLORE Trial Diagnosis and Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease with SPECT and PET Use of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices Among Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock Improved outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction during the last 20 years are related to implementation of evidence-based treatments: experiences from the SWEDEHEART registry 1995-2014 Association of the PHACTR1/EDN1 Genetic Locus With Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Refractory Angina: From Pathophysiology to New Therapeutic Nonpharmacological Technologies Cardiovascular Mortality After Type 1 and Type 2 Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults Implications of Alternative Definitions of Peri-Procedural Myocardial Infarction After Coronary Revascularization Incidence and prognostic implication of unrecognized myocardial scar characterized by cardiac magnetic resonance in diabetic patients without clinical evidence of myocardial infarction
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Clinical TrialVolume 71, Issue 19, May 2018

JOURNAL：J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

4-Step Protocol for Disparities in STEMI Care and Outcomes in Women

CP Huded, M Johnson, UN Khot et al. Keywords: acute myocardial infarction; door-to-balloon time; sex disparity; women; PCI; STEMI

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND - Women with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) receive suboptimal care and have worse outcomes than men. Whether strategies to reduce STEMI care variability impact disparities in the care and outcomes of women with STEMI is unknown.


OBJECTIVES - The study assessed the care and outcomes of men versus women with STEMI before and after implementation of a comprehensive STEMI protocol.

METHODS - On July 15, 2014, the authors implemented: 1) emergency department catheterization lab activation; 2) STEMI Safe Handoff Checklist; 3) immediate transfer to an immediately available catheterization lab; and 4) radial first approach to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The authors prospectively studied consecutive patients with STEMI and assessed guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) before PCI, median door-to-balloon time (D2BT), in-hospital adverse events, and 30-day mortality stratified by sex before (January 1, 2011 to July 14, 2014; control group) and after (July 15, 2014 to December 31, 2016) implementation of the STEMI protocol.

RESULTS - Of 1,272 participants (68% men, 32% women), women were older with more comorbidities than men. In the control group, women had less GDMT (77% vs. 69%; p = 0.019) and longer D2BT (median 104 min; [interquartile range (IQR): 79 to 133] min vs. 112 [IQR: 85 to 147] min; p = 0.023). Women had more in-hospital stroke, vascular complications, bleeding, transfusion, and death. In the comprehensive 4-step STEMI protocol, sex disparities in GDMT (84% vs. 80%; p = 0.32), D2BT (89 [IQR: 68 to 106] min vs. 91 [IQR: 68 to 114] min; p = 0.15), and in-hospital adverse events resolved. The absolute sex difference in 30-day mortality decreased from the control group (6.1% higher in women; p = 0.002) to the comprehensive 4-step STEMI protocol (3.2% higher in women; p = 0.090).

CONCLUSIONS - A systems-based approach to STEMI care reduces sex disparities and improves STEMI care and outcomes in women.
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