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Late Survival Benefit of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Compared With Medical Therapy in Patients With Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study Advances in Clinical Cardiology 2020: A Summary of Key Clinical Trials Long-Term Follow-Up of Complete Versus Lesion-Only Revascularization in STEMI and Multivessel Disease: The CvLPRIT Trial Canadian SCAD Cohort Study: Shedding Light on SCAD From a United Front Treating Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Why, How, and When? Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Current State of the Science: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Utility and Challenges of an Early Invasive Strategy in Patients Resuscitated From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Another Nail in the Coffin for Intra-Aortic Balloon Counterpulsion in Acute Myocardial Infarction With Cardiogenic Shock Global Chronic Total Occlusion Crossing Algorithm: JACC State-of-the-Art Review Systems of Care for ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association

Clinical TrialVolume 71, Issue 19, May 2018

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

4-Step Protocol for Disparities in STEMI Care and Outcomes in Women

CP Huded, M Johnson, UN Khot et al. Keywords: acute myocardial infarction; door-to-balloon time; sex disparity; women; PCI; STEMI

ABSTRACT


BACKGROUND - Women with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) receive suboptimal care and have worse outcomes than men. Whether strategies to reduce STEMI care variability impact disparities in the care and outcomes of women with STEMI is unknown.


OBJECTIVES - The study assessed the care and outcomes of men versus women with STEMI before and after implementation of a comprehensive STEMI protocol.

METHODS - On July 15, 2014, the authors implemented: 1) emergency department catheterization lab activation; 2) STEMI Safe Handoff Checklist; 3) immediate transfer to an immediately available catheterization lab; and 4) radial first approach to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The authors prospectively studied consecutive patients with STEMI and assessed guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) before PCI, median door-to-balloon time (D2BT), in-hospital adverse events, and 30-day mortality stratified by sex before (January 1, 2011 to July 14, 2014; control group) and after (July 15, 2014 to December 31, 2016) implementation of the STEMI protocol.

RESULTS - Of 1,272 participants (68% men, 32% women), women were older with more comorbidities than men. In the control group, women had less GDMT (77% vs. 69%; p = 0.019) and longer D2BT (median 104 min; [interquartile range (IQR): 79 to 133] min vs. 112 [IQR: 85 to 147] min; p = 0.023). Women had more in-hospital stroke, vascular complications, bleeding, transfusion, and death. In the comprehensive 4-step STEMI protocol, sex disparities in GDMT (84% vs. 80%; p = 0.32), D2BT (89 [IQR: 68 to 106] min vs. 91 [IQR: 68 to 114] min; p = 0.15), and in-hospital adverse events resolved. The absolute sex difference in 30-day mortality decreased from the control group (6.1% higher in women; p = 0.002) to the comprehensive 4-step STEMI protocol (3.2% higher in women; p = 0.090).

CONCLUSIONS - A systems-based approach to STEMI care reduces sex disparities and improves STEMI care and outcomes in women.