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Frailty Is Intertwined With Heart Failure: Mechanisms, Prevalence, Prognosis, Assessment, and Management Role of Proximal Optimization Technique Guided by Intravascular Ultrasound on Stent Expansion, Stent Symmetry Index, and Side-Branch Hemodynamics in Patients With Coronary Bifurcation Lesions Temporal Trends in Inpatient Use of Intravascular Imaging Among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the United States A Randomized Study of Distal Filter Protection Versus Conventional Treatment During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Attenuated Plaque Identified by Intravascular Ultrasound Outcomes with intravascular ultrasound-guided stent implantation: a meta-analysis of randomized trials in the era of drug-eluting stents Consensus from the 5th European Bifurcation Club meeting Surgery Does Not Improve Survival in Patients With Isolated Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation 2019 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Risk Assessment, Management, and Clinical Trajectory of Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia Burden Cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with acute decompensated heart failure randomized to sacubitril-valsartan or enalapril in the PIONEER-HF trial

Review ArticleVolume 7, Issue 12, December 2019

JOURNAL:JACC: Heart Failure Article Link

Frailty Is Intertwined With Heart Failure: Mechanisms, Prevalence, Prognosis, Assessment, and Management

A Pandey, D Kitzman, G Reeves. Keywords: aging; frailty; Fried phenotype; heart failure; physical function; quality of life

ABSTRACT

Frailty, a syndrome characterized by an exaggerated decline in function and reserve of multiple physiological systems, is common in older patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with worse clinical and patient-reported outcomes. Although several detailed assessment tools have been developed and validated in the geriatric population, they are cumbersome, not validated in patients with HF, and not commonly used in routine management of patients with HF. More recently, there has been an increasing interest in developing simple frailty screening tools that could efficiently and quickly identify frail patients with HF in routine clinical settings. As the burden and recognition of frailty in older patients with HF increase, a more comprehensive approach to management is needed that targets deficits across multiple domains, including physical function and medical, cognitive, and social domains. Such a multidomain approach is critical to address the unique, multidimensional challenges to the care of these high-risk patients and to improve their functional status, quality of life, and long-term clinical outcomes. This review discusses the burden of frailty, the conceptual underpinnings of frailty in older patients with HF, and potential strategies for the assessment, screening, and management of frailty in this vulnerable patient population.